Sneezing fits. Runny eyes. Sudden congestion. If your cat suddenly seems under the weather, it might not be just a “cold.” Upper respiratory infections (URIs) in cats are common—and in some cases, they can escalate quickly without veterinary care.

At Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Center of Northern Arizona, we often see cats brought in for urgent respiratory concerns that started with just a few subtle signs. Whether you’re a seasoned cat parent or caring for a newly adopted feline, understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for feline URIs can make all the difference.

What Is an Upper Respiratory Infection in Cats?

A feline upper respiratory infection affects the nose, throat, and sinus passages—much like a human cold or flu. These infections are typically caused by a combination of viruses (like feline herpesvirus and calicivirus) and bacteria (such as Bordetella bronchiseptica or Chlamydia felis).

Most URIs are highly contagious, especially in multi-cat households, shelters, or boarding facilities. Kittens, senior cats, and immunocompromised cats are most at risk.

Learn more from ASPCA Pro.

Common Symptoms to Watch For

Early signs often mimic mild congestion, but symptoms can progress quickly. Contact your veterinarian if your cat shows any of the following:

  • Sneezing or nasal discharge (clear, yellow, or green)
  • Eye discharge, redness, or squinting
  • Congestion or noisy breathing
  • Loss of appetite or reluctance to eat
  • Lethargy or hiding behavior
  • Fever or warm ears/nose
  • Coughing or open-mouth breathing (a potential emergency)

In some cases, symptoms may overlap with conditions like feline asthma, which also causes labored breathing. Learn the differences from Cornell Feline Health Center.

When Is It an Emergency?

Mild cases may resolve with supportive care, but severe or prolonged symptoms require urgent veterinary attention, especially if your cat:

  • Struggles to breathe or breathes with an open mouth: AAHA’s Respiratory Distress Guide outlines red flags that should never be ignored.
  • Stops eating for more than 24 hours
  • Has thick, discolored nasal discharge
  • Is lethargic or collapsing
  • Cannot open their eyes due to discharge, or if the appearance of the eye changes

If you’re unsure, it’s safest to contact us right away.

How Are URIs Diagnosed and Treated?

Diagnosis typically begins with a physical exam and medical history. Depending on the severity, we may recommend:

  • Nasal or throat swabs to identify pathogens
  • Bloodwork or imaging if pneumonia is suspected
  • Oxygen therapy for cats in respiratory distress

Most uncomplicated cases are managed with:

  • Fluids and nutrition support (especially if your cat isn’t eating)
  • Antibiotics for bacterial involvement
  • Eye ointments or antiviral meds in herpesvirus cases
  • Humidifiers or steamy bathrooms to ease congestion

In complex cases or immunocompromised cats (e.g., those with FIV or FeLV), a customized treatment plan is essential.

Prevention: What You Can Do

URIs can’t always be avoided—but smart preventive care reduces risk significantly:

Vaccinations Matter

Core vaccines protect against major viral causes of URIs. Speak with your vet about:

Environmental Tips

  • Reduce stress and overcrowding in multi-cat homes
  • Quarantine new or sick cats when possible
  • Keep litter boxes, bedding, and food bowls clean

How We Can Help

At Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Center of Northern Arizona, our emergency and specialty teams are experienced in handling complex feline respiratory cases—from acute breathing distress to long-term care planning for cats with chronic infections or asthma.

If you’re worried your cat may be sick or struggling to breathe, don’t wait. Call us or come in right away.

We’re also here to support referring veterinarians and local clinics with advanced diagnostics, hospitalization, and critical care support when needed. Meet our team of specialists and emergency clinicians here.

Trust Your Instincts

Cats are masters at hiding discomfort. If something feels “off,” it’s worth checking in.

You know your cat best. If you’re ever unsure, we’re just a call—or a short drive—away. Visit us anytime.